Early Childhood Caries (ECC) refers to severe tooth decay that occurs in young children, typically in their primary teeth. It is a serious condition caused by a combination of factors, including frequent exposure to sugary foods and drinks, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of certain bacteria in the mouth. ECC can lead to pain, infection, difficulty eating, and problems with speech development. It may also affect the growth and alignment of permanent teeth. Preventing ECC involves good oral hygiene, a healthy diet, regular dental check-ups, and, in some cases, fluoride treatments or sealants to protect teeth.